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Pakistan being one of the largest hosts for Afghan refugees has been implicated to endure challenges in all sectors including economy, healthcare, education,and cost of living. However, one area which has suffered significantly is healthcare sinceit is now burdened by the ailments of a local population and foreign pathogens arriving with the refugees.It is, therefore, important to identify the key prevailing infectious diseases among the refugees and the associated risk factors to prevent outbreaks, thusreducing the burden on the local healthcare system. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Afghan refugees villages in Peshawar KPK, Pakistan during the monthsof August,and September,2023 to collect data regarding the prevalence of infectious diseases (Dengue, Respiratory tract infections, eye infection, Malaria,and Measles) along with the risk factors (sociodemographic, sources of water/food, sanitation, and health care facilities). Our results showed that malaria isthe most common disease followed by dengue, strep throat, skin,and eye infections. Waste disposal, low economic status, and lack of proper food and water storage were among the major risk factors associated with infectious diseases. Moreover, access to safe drinking water, language barriers,and lack of balanced diets were also among the major problems faced by refugees. The results of this study will help develop a support system for healthcare workers and policymakers to prevent, control, and effectively treat infectious diseases and associated outbreaks in Afghan refugee camps.

Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Refugees, Risk Factors, Health Care System